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We offer strategies for implementing PMM using ukulele in various types of music classrooms, including differentiating music making for participation, extending participation through performance, and mediating participation through technologies. Using differentiation as a framework, we examine how participatory music making (PMM) might meet these needs. Students come to the music classroom with varying degrees of skill, interest, and comfort toward making music, yet educators must consider how to meet the needs of all students regardless of ability. Implications include viewing the ‘ukulele as a serious instrument that is as much about a people and a place as it is about music. While Hawaiian cultural elements have engendered a rich community of practice, Hawaiian history and sovereignty initiatives remain key aspects among participants. Predominant themes encompassed inclusive music making, Hawaiians’ connection to and separation from the islands, and acculturation processes on the mainland. Data collection included participant-observations, interviews, video recordings, and photographs. Specifically, this research underscored the Kanikapila Island Strummers’ musical practices, the narratives of Hawaiian culture as expressed by club members, and the members’ perceived sense of responsibility in preserving and disseminating Hawaiian customs in the Continental United States. The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine the musical and cultural underpinnings of the Kanikapila Island Strummers, a community ‘ukulele group that celebrates Hawaiian ethos through music and dance.
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